Сравнительная степень
Есть две формы сравнительной степени в английском языке. Одна использует суффикс -er, а другая использует слово more ....
- Мы употребляем -er для коротких слов (односложных):
- cheap ==> cheaper fast ==> faster large ==> larger thin ==> thinner
- Мы также используем -er для двусложных слов, оканчивающихся на -y (-y ==> ier):
- silly ==> sillier lucky ==> luckier early ==> earlier pretty ==> prettier
- Мы употребляем more ... для более длинных слов (два слога или более):
- more serious more often more expensive more comfortable
- Мы также употребляем more ... для наречий, которые оканчиваются на -ly:
- more slowly more seriously more quietly more carefully
- Сравните эти примеры:
| You're older than me. | You're more patient than me. |
| The exam was fairly easy - easier than I expected. | The exam was quite difficult - more difficult than I expected. |
| Can you walk a bit faster? | Can you walk a bit more slowly? |
| I'd like to have a bigger car. | I'd like to have a more reliable car. |
| The task occured to be easier than I thought. | I don't play tennis much these days. I used to play more often. |
- Вы можете использовать -er или more ... с некоторыми двусложными прилагательными, в частности: clever, narrow, quiet, shallow, simple.
- Please, be more quiet! or Please, be quieter!
- Есть несколько прилагательных и наречий, которые имеют неправильную сравнительную форму:
- good/well ==> better:
- The garden looks better since you tidied it up.
- I play chess very well - probably better than anybody else in our club.
- bad/badly ==> worse:
- "How is your headache? Better?" "No, it's worse."
- He did very badly in the exam - worse than expected.
- far ==> further (или farther)::
- It's a long walk from here to the park - further than I thought. или farther than I thought.
- Further ( но не farther) также может означать "еще" или "дополнительно":
- Let me know if you hear any further news.
- Перед сравнительной формой вы можете использовать: much, a lot, far, a bit, a little, slightly.
- Let's go by car. It's much cheaper.
- "How do you feel?" "Much better, thanks."
- Don't go by train. It's a lot more expensive.
- Could you speak a bit more slowly?
- This bag is slightly heavier than the other one.
- Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first.
- Мы можем использовать any или no перед сравнительной степенью:
- I've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer.
- We expected their house to be very big, but it's no bigger than ours.
- How do you feel now? Do you feel any better?
- This hotel is better than the other one, and it's no more expensive.
- Мы повторяем сравнительную форму (better and better и т.д.) чтобы сказать, что что-то происходит постоянно:
- Your English is improving. It's getting better and better.
- The city is growing fast. It's getting bigger and bigger.
- Mary got more and more sleepy as we were travelling through the desert.
- These days more and more people are learning English.
- Мы можем употребить the ... the ... чтобы сказать, что одна вещь зависит от другой:
- The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.
- The closer to the sea, the air is more wet.
- The more I thought about the plan, the less I liked it.
- The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
- Иногда вы можете просто сказать the + сравнительная степень + the better:
- "What time shall we leave?" "The sooner the better."
- Сравнительная степень от old - older:
- David looks older than he really is.
- Вы также можете сказать elder когда говорите о членах семьи. Например:
- My elder sister is a teacher.