Present Perfect Continuous
Структура Present Perfect Continuous
| Утверждение | I / We / You / They | have (= 've) been | present participle | |
| he / she / it | has (= 's) been | present participle | ||
| Отрицание | I / We / You / They |
have not been haven't been |
present participle | |
| he / she / it |
has not been hasn't been |
present participle | ||
| Вопрос | Have | I / We / You / They | been | present participle |
| Has | he / she / it | been | present participle | |
Использование Present Perfect Continuous
Время Present Perfect Continuous используется для того, чтобы показать что действие началось в прошлом и продолжалось до настоящего времени. В этом случае обычно указывают, как долго это действие длилось (for five minutes, for two weeks), или с какого момента оно началось (since Tuesday, since I first met her).
- James has been teaching at the university since June.
- They have been talking for the last hour.
- We have been waiting here for over half an hour!
- It's been raining since lunchtime.
- She has been working at that company for three years.
- Why has Clara not beeing taking her medicine for the last three days?
В этих примерах мы используем время present потому что мы смотрим на эти действия из настоящего. Мы используем время perfect потому что действие стартовало в прошлом. И мы используем continuous потому что оно длилось какое-то время. Вы также можете использовать время Present Perfect Continuous без указания длительности. В этом случае мы имеем в виду, что действие произошло недавно. Для блльшей выразительности мы часто используем такие слова как "lately" или "recently".
- Lisa has not been practicing her English.
- Mary has been feeling a little depressed recently.
- What have you been doing?
- She has been watching too much television lately.
- Время Present Perfect Continuous также используется для описания действий, которые только-что или недавно закончились. Всегда присутствует связь с настоящим:
- It has been raining.
- Paul is very tired. He's been working very hard.
- Where have you been? I've been looking for you everywhere
- I've been talking to Robert about the problem and he agrees with me.
- Помните, что мы должны использовать Present Perfect для статических глаголов:
- How long have you known Jane.
- I have had a pain in my stomach from the morning.
- He has been in Canada since April.
- Для live и work вы можете использовать как Present Perfect Continuous, так и Present Perfect:
- He has been living in Madrid for a long time. или Julia has lived in Paris for a long time.
- How long have you been working here? или How long have you worked here?
- Однако, мы используем только Present Perfect когда употребляем always:
- I have always lived in the country.
- Мы говорим "I have not done something since/for ..."
- I have not seen Tom since Monday.
- Sarah has not phoned for ages.
- Наречие ставиться непосредственно перед been:
- I have only been seeing here for two minutes.
- Have you only been waiting here for one hour?
- Сравните Present Perfect Continuous и Present Perfect:
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect |
| She has been painting the door. Мы интересуемся только действием. Для нас не имеет значения, завершилось оно или нет. |
She has painted the door. Для нас важно, что действие завершилось. Has painted - законченное действие. Мы интересуемся результатом действия, а не действием как таковым. |
| It's nice to see you again. What have you been doing all this time since we last met? | Where's the book I gave you? What have you done with it? |
| My hands are very dirty. I've been repairing the car. | The car is OK again now. I've repiaired it. |
| Where have you been? Have you been playing chess? | Have you ever played chess? |