Some и Any
Как правило, мы используем some (а также somebody, someone, something) в утвердительных предложениях
и any (а также anybody, anyone, anything) в отрицательных предложениях :
some ...
We bought some flowers.
He's busy. He's got some work to do.
Somebody's taken my place.
I'm hungry. I want something to eat.
any ...
We didn't buy any flowers.
He's lazy. He never does any work.
There isn't anybody in the room.
I'm not hungry. I don't want anything to eat.
Мы употребляем any в следущих предложениях потому что значениие - отрицательное:
She went out without any money.
He refused to eat anything.
Hardly anybody passed the examination.
Мы используем и some, и any в вопросительных предложениях.
Мы используем some когда спрашиваем о человеке или предмете, которые, как нам кажется, существуют:
Are you waiting for somebody?
Мы употребляем some в вопросах, когда предлагаем или спрашииваем о чеи-то:
Would you like something to eat?
Can I have some sugar, please?
Но если мы не знаем, существует ли человек или предмет, мы употребляем any:
"Have you got any luggage?" "No, I haven't."
I can't find my bag. Has anybody seen it?
Мы часто используем any после if:
If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?
If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
Let me know if you need anything.
В следующих предложениях if подразумевается:
I'm sorry for any trouble I've caused.
Anyone who wants to do the exam must tell me by Friday.
Мы также употребляем any в значении "все равно какой":
You can take any bus. They all go to the centre.
"Let's go out somewhere." "Where shall we go?" "Anywhere. I just want to go out."
Come and see me any time you want.
We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in.
Сравните something и anything:
A: I'm hungry. I want something to eat.
B: What would you like?
A: I don't mind. Anything.
Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone - это слова в единственном числе:
Someone is here to see you.
Однако мы часто используем they, them, their после этих слов:
Someone has forgotten their umbrella.
If anybody wants to leave early, they can.